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Nutrition in Oncology
At B. Braun, we believe in a multi-disciplinary approach involving nutrition therapy alongside cancer treatment, which needs to be a recognised and utilised option for all cancer patients regardless of their health status. Following local guidelines, patients who match the criteria with malignancy should be informed about parenteral nutrition (PN) with the potential benefits, practical implications, and risks when indicated1.
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Malnutrition is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients2 and causes negative effects on tissue, body structure and organ functions, as well as on the overall clinical course3. Criteria for malignant cachexia is the combination of malnutrition and systemic inflammatory reaction. A nutritional deficiency of this sort has an unfavourable effect on the quality of life and the prognosis of the cancer patient. Prehabilitation in cases of cancer cachexia is essential as we want patients undergoing cancer treatment to be at the optimal nutritional level in order to improve chances of, and progress in recovery.
Beneficial nutrients
A well-balanced diet rich in nutrients won’t cure cancer, but it can help give them the energy they need. Evidence supports that optimising nutritional status during anti-cancer care can help in the following way. Explore the figure below for more information.
Altered appetite signals from the CNS can cause anorexia, reducing caloric intake8. Carbohydrates are the primary source of calories and as such, energy9. Thus, replenishing caloric levels are important for cancer patients.
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Micronutrient deficiency induced by cancer and/or treatment, impacts both disease and the treatment whilst increasing risk of complications. It is necessary to ensure a patient has an optimal supply of micronutrients10.
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Increased lipolysis and defective lipogenesis deplete fat depots that normally serve as energy reserves8. Improving the fat intake can increase their chances of providing essential fatty acids and meeting energy demands9.
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Water is essential for life and thus, nutrition support for cancer patients should also include achieving the normal fluid and electrolyte balance9.
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A tumour can cause the liver to stimulate acute-phase protein production, repressing drug clearance and raising risk for cancer treatment toxicity8. Sufficient amino acids are required to support protein synthetic functions9
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Adverse events should be reported. Reporting forms and information can be found at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. Adverse events should also be reported to B. Braun Medical Ltd (tel: 0800 298 0299)
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References
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